Blood test detects hidden damage to microscopic vessels
Scientists at the University of Bristol have discovered a new way to detect heart and kidney disease earlier than ever before. The breakthrough, published in Nature Communications on May 12, reveals a method for identifying damage to the lining of microscopic blood vessels called the endothelium.
The test looks for specific biomarkers that appear when endothelial cells are damaged. These biomarkers show up in the blood years before symptoms of heart or kidney disease develop. Current tests only detect damage after organs have already sustained injury that is hard to reverse.
Lead researcher Dr. Sarah Galloway said the test is highly sensitive and catches the earliest markers of disease. The team analyzed blood samples from 3,000 patients over five years. They found that people with elevated endothelial biomarkers were four times more likely to develop heart disease within three years.
Heart and kidney disease share common root cause
Heart disease and kidney disease are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Both conditions are linked to long-term damage to blood vessels. By the time symptoms such as chest pain or reduced kidney function appear, damage is often already extensive.
The Bristol test targets a shared mechanism. High blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol all damage the endothelium over time. The new test measures levels of endothelial microparticles that shed into the blood when vessel walls are injured. Higher levels indicate ongoing damage that could lead to disease.
Dr. Galloway said the test could help doctors identify at-risk patients before they develop symptoms. Early detection would allow lifestyle changes and medication to prevent or slow disease progression. The test is simple and uses standard blood draw equipment available in any clinic.
Clinical trials planned within two years
The University of Bristol is seeking funding for large-scale clinical trials. The trials would test whether early detection leads to better patient outcomes. The research team estimates the test could be available in clinics within three to five years if trials succeed.
The Medical Research Council funded the study. The NHS has expressed interest in adopting the test if clinical validation is positive. The test could be particularly useful for patients with diabetes, who have a high risk of both heart and kidney disease.
Cardiologists have welcomed the discovery. Dr. James Park of University College London said the test fills a gap in current screening methods. He noted that catching endothelial damage early could prevent thousands of heart attacks and kidney failures each year.